An
extraordinary company often begins with an exceptional man.
In the case of Hardesty & Hanover, the exceptional man
was bridge design pioneer, John Alexander Low Waddell.
Upon earning a Civil Engineering degree in 1875 from Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Waddell embarked on a journey of self-education
through world travels and unparalleled hands-on experience.
Waddell first went to Canada, where he designed buoys and
structures for the Marine Department of the Dominion. He also
worked for the Canadian Pacific Railroad as both a designer
and field construction superintendent. Waddell traveled to
West Virginia where he worked as an engineer for a coal mining
company, as well as, study land surveying, ventilation shaft
design, and construction. These early adventures established
a framework for Waddell's now legendary innovations.
In 1881, Waddell settled in Iowa and was appointed Chief
Engineer for Raymond and Campbell, a firm that specialized
in bridge construction. In this position, Waddell combined
his creativity with modern engineering principles to revolutionize
bridge design and construction.
Needing to establish his own mark, Waddell, in 1887, at the
age of 33, left Raymond & Campbell to launch his own engineering
consulting firm in Kansas City. In less than five years, Waddell's
client list included 50 railroads and most major cities. His
reputation as a creative and determined engineer led to a
diverse range of international clients. Waddell designed highway
bridges in Cuba and more than 200 railway bridges for the
Vera Cruz and Pacific Railway of Mexico. He also serviced
clients in New Zealand and Russia. In1907 Waddell was appointed
Principal Engineer of the Trans-Alaska Siberian Railway Co.
to develop an ambitious link between Russia and the United
States across the Bering Straits.
In 1894, Waddell designed the South Halsted Street Bridge
in Chicago, one of the most daring and unusual structures
of its era. The bridge was the first modern vertical-lift
bridge and the first within the United States. Waddell's peers
quickly accepted this design, using it as a prototype for
ensuing generations of lift spans.
Waddell believed engineers were obligated to share information
to advance the profession. He utilized long hours aboard railroad
cars and steam ships to write volumes on his research. His
first major work, "The Design of Ordinary Iron Highway
Bridges" is still used at major engineering schools throughout
the world. Other important Waddell publications include "De
Pontibus", "Bridge Engineering" and "Economics
of Bridge Work."
Waddell also coined several popular engineering aphorisms
including, "The science of bridge design lies mainly
in the detailing" and "The life of a bridge specialist
is by no means easy. His governing motto should ever be integrity,
thoroughness, and progress." These quotes are proudly
displayed at Hardesty & Hanover's offices to serve as
inspiration for modern engineers.
Waddell's contributions were recognized by the American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE). The prestigious organization awarded
him the Norman Medals for three important papers: "Nickel
Steel for Bridges" (1909), "The Possibilities in
Bridge Construction by the Use of High Alloy Steels"
(1915), and "Economics of Steel Arch Bridges" (1918).
The American Association of Engineers presented him with its
1931 Clausen Medal for "distinguished service for the
welfare of engineers, social and economic."
In
Kansas City, Waddell formed associations with his principal
engineers, Ira G. Hendrick from 1899 to 1907 and John Lyle
Harrington from 1907 to 1914. In 1917. However, Waddell's
most important association was forged in 1908, when Waddell
returned to Rensselaer Polytechnic to recruit an ambitious
graduate for his staff. He selected Shortridge Hardesty, a
young man from Weston, Missouri. Hardesty and Waddell shared
the same zest for combing engineering's practical and theoretical
aspects to create bold designs. Hardesty entered the firm
as a draftsman and worked on both the design and construction
of more than 50 bridges in the United States and Canada, as
well as, two in New Zealand and one in Russia.
Seeking a greater international presence, as well as, increased
job opportunities on the east coast, Waddell moved his practice
to New York in 1920. Upon the firm's arrival in New York,
Hardesty became responsible for all projects, enabling Waddell
to pursue travel, professional meetings, and research. In
1927, Hardesty became a partner and the company's name changed
to Waddell & Hardesty.
The newly established Waddell & Hardesty exclusively
focused on the vertical lift bridge. Waddell & Hardesty
designed almost every vertical lift railroad bridge in the
New York City metropolitan area. The crown jewel of this bridge
building empire was the Newark Bay Bridge designed for the
Central Railroad of New Jersey in 1926. The bridge required
two pairs of double track lift spans-one measuring 299 feet
and the other measuring 211 feet. Hardesty contributed notably
to this bridge form, acquiring four lift bridge counterweight
and machinery patents.
During the late 1920's and early 1930's, an increasing number
of bridges were designed exclusively for highway traffic.
Hardesty foresaw this need and ordered the firm to expand
its bridge form repertoire, resulting in immediate success.
Shortridge Hardesty designed the Goethals and Outerbridge
cantilever bridges for The Port of New York Authority. Both
bridges are still major crossing for the bustling city. He
also designed the Cooper River Bridge in Charleston, South
Carolina-a milestone in cantilever truss design. The Cooper
River Bridge featured two spans, one measuring 1050 feet over
the river, while the other span measured 640 feet over an
adjacent creek. At the time of construction, it was the longest
bridge in the world and exceeded the Brooklyn Bridge in height.
However, the firm's most stunning achievement was completing
the project in 17 months.
Hardesty
was among the first recipients of several major engineering
awards. The American Institute of Steel Construction recognized
six of the firm's bridges: the Anthony Wayne suspension bridge,
the Atlantic Highlands double-leaf bascule, two cantilever
truss bridges, the Highland Park and the North Grand Island
bridges, the Marine Parkway vertical lift highway bridge over
Rockaway Inlet in New York and the Rainbow Bridge at Niagara
Falls.
In 1924, another name was added to Waddell & Hardesty's
illustrious engineer roster, Clinton D. Hanover. A Yale graduate
with a bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering, Hanover worked
as a draftsman for New Haven bridge consultant, E. W. Wiggin.
Upon his relocation to New York, he joined Waddell & Hardesty.
On two separate occasions he left the firm for brief stints
on other important projects. In 1933, he served as special
engineer on the design of movable bridges for the Jones Beach
State Parkway Authority and in 1935 he was the coordinating
engineer for the construction of the Harlem River Lift Bridge.
From 1935 until he was invited back as a partner in 1945,
Hanover was employed at the Department of Public Works of
the City of New York, and rose to the position of Chief of
the Bureau of Bridge Design.
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